sidebar

References

Alberti, M., Booth, D., Hill, K., Coburn, B., Avolio, C., Coe, S. and Spirandelli, D. (2007), “The impact of urban patterns on aquatic ecosystem: An empirical analysis in the Puget lowland sub-basins”, Landscape and Urban Planning, 80: 345–361, [External LinkDOI].
Alexander, G. G. and Allan, J. D. (2006), “Stream restoration in the Upper Midwest, USA”, Restoration Ecology, 14: 595–604, [External LinkDOI].
Allan, J. D. (2004a), “Landscapes and riverscapes: the influence of land use on stream ecosystems”, Annual Review of Ecology, Evolution, and Systematics, 35: 257–284, [External LinkDOI].
Allan, J. D. (2004b), “Influence of land use and landscape setting on the ecological status of rivers”, Limnetica, 23(3-4): 187–198.
Allan, J. D. and Johnson, L. B. (1997), “Catchment-scale analysis of aquatic ecosystems”, Freshwater Biology, 37(1): 107–111, [External LinkDOI].
Allen, A. P., Whittier, T. R., Kaufmann, P. R., Larsen, D. P., O’Connor, R. J., Hughes, R. M., Stemberger, R. S., Dixit, S. S., Brinkhurst, R. O., Herlihy, A. T. and Paulsen, S. G. (1999), “Concordance of taxonomic composition patterns across multiple lake assemblages: effects of scale, body size, and land use”, Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, 56(11): 2029–2040, [External LinkDOI].
An, K. W. and Choi, S. S. (2003), “An assessment of aquatic ecosystem health in a temperate watershed using the index of biological integrity”, Journal of Environmental Science and Health (A), 38: 1115–1130, [External LinkDOI].
Anderson, J., Arblaster, K., Bartley, J., Cooper, T., Kettunen, M., Kaphengst, T., Leipprand, A., Laaser, C., Umpfenbach, K., Kuusisto, E., Lepistö, A. and Holmberg, M. (2008), “Climate change-induced water stress and its impact on natural and managed ecosystems”, IP/A/CLIM/ST/2007-06, Brussels (European Parliament). Online version (accessed 21 October 2009):
External Linkhttp://ecologic.eu/2333.
Angermeier, P. L. and Winston, M. R. (1999), “Characterizing fish community diversity across virginia landscapes: Prerequisite for conservation”, Ecological Applications, 9(1): 335–349, [External LinkDOI].
Aspinall, R. J., Marcus, W. A. and Boardman, J. W. (2002), “Considerations in collecting, processing, and analysing high spatial resolution hyperspectral data for environmental investigations”, Journal of Geographical Systems, 4(1): 15–29, [External LinkDOI].
Bacalbasa-Dobrovici, N. (1989), “The Danube river and its fishery”, in Dodge, D. P., ed., Proceedings of the International Large River Symposium (LARS), Honey Harbour, Ontario, Canada, September 14 – 21, 1986, Canadian Special Publication of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, 106, pp. 110–127, Ottawa (Fisheries and Oceans Canada).
Baker, J. P., Hulse, D. W., Gregory, S. V., White, D., Van Sickle, J., Berger, P. A., Dole, D. and Schumaker, N. H. (2004), “Alternative futures for the Willamette River basin, Oregon”, Ecological Applications, 14: 313–324, [External LinkDOI].
Ballinger, A. and Mac Nally, R. (2006), “The landscape context of flooding in the Murray–Darling Basin”, Advances in Ecological Research, 39: 85–105, [External LinkDOI].
Baran, E., Jantunen, T. and Chong, C. K. (2007), “Values of inland fisheries in the Mekong River Basin”, Phnom Penh (WorldFish Center). [External LinkGoogle Books].
Barker, L. S., Felton, G. K. and Russek-Cohen, E. (2006), “Use of Maryland biological stream survey data to determine effects of agricultural riparian buffers on measures of biological stream health”, Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, 117(1-3): 1–19, [External LinkDOI].
Battin, J., Wiley, M. W., Ruckelshaus, M. H., Palmer, R. N., Korb, E., Bartz, K. K. and Imaki, H. (2007), “Projected impacts of climate change on salmon habitat restoration”, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the USA, 104(16): 6720–6725, [External LinkDOI].
Beale, C. M., Lennon, J. J., Yearsley, J. M., Brewer, M. J. and Elston, D. A. (2010), “Regression analysis of spatial data”, Ecology Letters, 13: 246–264, [External LinkDOI].
Beechie, T. J. and Bolton, S. (1999), “An approach to restoring salmonid habitat-forming processes in Pacific Northwest watersheds”, Fisheries, 24: 6–15, [External LinkDOI].
Benda, L., Poff, N. L., Miller, D., Dunne, T., Reeves, G., Pess, G. R. and Pollock, M. (2004), “The network dynamics hypothesis: How channel networks structure riverine habitats”, BioScience, 54(5): 413–427, [External LinkDOI].
Bernhardt, E. S., Palmer, M. A., Allan, J. D., Alexander, G. G., Barnas, K., Brooks, S., Carr, J., Clayton, S., Dahm, C., Follstad-Shah, J., Galat, D., Gloss, S., Goodwin, P., Hart, D., Hassett, B., Jenkinson, R., Katz, S., Kondolf, G. M., Lake, P. S., Lave, R., Meyer, J. L., O’Donnell, T. K., Pagano, L., Powell, B. and Sudduth, E. (2005), “Restoration of US rivers: a national synthesis”, Science, 308: 636–637.
Bilby, R. E. and Mollot, L. A. (2008), “Effect of changing land use patterns on the distribution of coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch) in the Puget Sound region”, Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, 65(10): 2138–2148, [External LinkDOI].
Bjerklie, D. M., Dingman, S. L., Vorosmarty, C. J., Bolster, C. H. and Congalton, R. G. (2003), “Evaluating the potential for measuring river discharge from space”, Journal of Hydrology, 278: 17–38, [External LinkDOI].
Bjerklie, D. M., Moller, D., Smith, L. C. and Dingman, S. L. (2005), “Estimating discharge in rivers using remotely sensed hydraulic information”, Journal of Hydrology, 309: 191–209, [External LinkDOI].
Bohn, B. A. and Kershner, J. L. (2008), “Establishing aquatic restoration priorities using a watershed approach”, Journal of Environmental Management, 64: 355–363.
Bonar, S. A., Hubert, W. A. and Willis, D. W., eds. (2009), Standard Methods for Sampling North American Freshwater Fishes, Bethesda, MD (American Fisheries Society).
Booth, D. B., Karr, J. R., Schauman, S., Konrad, C. P., Morley, S. A., Larson, M. G. and Burgess, S. J. (2004), “Reviving urban streams: Land use, hydrology, biology, and human behavior”, Journal of the American Water Resources Association, 40: 1351–1364, [External LinkDOI].
Borcard, D., Legendre, P. L. and Drapeau, P. (1992), “Partialling out the spatial component of ecological variation”, Ecology, 73: 1045–1055, [External LinkDOI].
Bramblett, R. G., Johnson, T. R., Zale, A. V. and Heggem, D. G. (2005), “Development and evaluation of a fish assemblage index of biotic integrity for northwestern Great Plains streams”, Transactions of the American Fisheries Society, 134(3): 624–640, [External LinkDOI].
Brazner, J. C., Danz, N. P., Trebitz, A. S., Niemi, G. J., Regal, R. R., Hollenhorst, T., Host, G. E., Reavie, E. D., Brown, T. N., Hanowski, J. M., Johnston, C. A., Johnson, L. B., Howe, R. W. and Ciborowski, J. J. H. (2007), “Responsiveness of Great Lakes wetland indicators to human disturbances at multiple spatial scales: A multi-assemblage assessment”, Journal of Great Lakes Research, 33: 42–66, [External LinkDOI].
Brendan, T. O., Wang, L. and Su, Z. (2008), “Quantitative identification of disturbance thresholds in support of aquatic resource management”, Environmental Management, 42: 821–832, [External LinkDOI].
Brenden, T. O., Clark Jr, R. D., Cooper, A. R., Seelbach, P. W., Wang, L., Aichele, S. S., Bissell, E. G. and Stewart, J. S. (2006), “A GIS framework for collecting, managing, and analyzing multiscale landscape variables across large regions for river conservation and management”, in Hughes, R. M., Wang, L. and Seelbach, P. W., eds., Landscape Influences on Stream Habitats and Biological Assemblages, Proceedings of the Symposium held in Madison, Wisconsin, USA, 25 – 26 August 2004, AFS Symposium, 48, pp. 49–74, Bethesda, MD (American Fisheries Society).
Brown, L. R. and Moyle, P. B. (2005), “Native fishes of the Sacramento–San Joaquin drainage: A history of decline”, in Rinne, J. N., Hughes, R. M. and Calamusso, B., eds., Historical Changes in Large River Fish Assemblages of the Americas, Proceedings of the Symposium held in Phoenix, Arizona, USA, 21 August 2001, AFS Symposium, 45, pp. 75–98, Bethesda, MD (American Fisheries Society).
Brown, L. R., Gray, R. H., Hughes, R. M. and Meador, M. R., eds. (2005), Effects of urbanization on stream ecosystems, Proceedings of the Symposium held in Quebec City, Quebec, Canada, 11 – 12 August 2003, AFS Symposium, 47, Bethesda, MD (American Fisheries Society).
Brown, L. R., Gregory, M. B. and May, J. T. (2009), “Relation of urbanization to stream fish assemblages and species traits in nine metropolitan areas of the United States”, Urban Ecosystems, 12(4): 391–416, [External LinkDOI].
Brown, M. T. and Vivas, M. B. (2005), “Landscape development intensity index”, Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, 101: 289–309, [External LinkDOI].
Burcher, C. L., Valett, H. M. and Benfield, B. F. (2007), “The land-cover cascade: Relationships coupling land and water”, Ecology, 88(1): 228–242, [External LinkDOI].
Burgman, M. A., Lindenmayer, D. B. and Elith, J. (2005), “Managing landscapes for conservation under uncertainty”, Ecology, 86(8): 2007–2017, [External LinkDOI].
Burnett, K. M., Reeves, G. H., Miller, D. J., Clarke, S., Vance-Borland, K. and Christiansen, K. (2007), “Distribution of salmon-habitat potential relative to landscape characteristics and implications for conservation”, Ecological Applications, 17(1): 66–80, [External LinkDOI].
Calabrese, J. M. and Fagan, W. F. (2004), “A comparison-shopper’s guide to connectivity metrics”, Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment, 2(10): 529–536.
Carlisle, D. M., Hawkins, C. P., Meador, M. R., Potapova, M. and Falcone, J. (2008), “Biological assessments of Appalachian streams based on predictive models for fish, macroinvertebrate, and diatom assemblages”, Journal of the North American Benthological Society, 27(1): 16–37, [External LinkDOI].
Carmichael, R. W. and Taylor, B. J. (2010), “Conservation and Recovery Plan for Oregon Steelhead Populations in the Middle Columbia River Steelhead Distinct Population Segment”, Salem, OR (Oregon Department of Fish & Wildlife). Online version (accessed 10 March 2010):
External Linkhttp://www.dfw.state.or.us/fish/CRP/mid_columbia_river_plan.asp.
Carpenter, S. R., Chisholm, S. W., Krebs, C. J., Schindler, D. W. and Wright, R. F. (1995), “Ecosystem Experiments”, Science, 269: 324–327, [External LinkDOI].
Clarke, A. D., Telmer, K. H. and Shrimpton, J. M. (2007), “Habitat use and movement patterns for a fluvial species, the Arctic grayling, in a watershed impacted by a large reservoir: evidence from otolith microchemistry”, Journal of Applied Ecology, 44: 1156–1165, [External LinkDOI].
Clausen, R. and York, R. (2008), “Economic growth and marine biodiversity: Influence of human social structure on decline of marine trophic levels”, Conservation Biology, 22(2): 458–466, [External LinkDOI].
Cote, D., Kehler, D. G., Bourne, C. and Wiersma, Y. F. (2009), “A new measure of longitudinal connectivity for stream networks”, Landscape Ecology, 24: 101–113, [External LinkDOI].
Cowley, D. E. (2006), “Strategies for ecological restoration of the Middle Rio Grande in New Mexico and recovery of the endangered Rio Grande silvery minnow”, Reviews in Fisheries Science, 14(1-2): 169–186, [External LinkDOI].
Creque, S. M., Rutherford, E. S. and Zorn, T. G. (2005), “Use of GIS-derived landscape-scale habitat features to explain spatial patterns of fish density in Michigan rivers”, North American Journal of Fisheries Management, 25(4): 1411–1425, [External LinkDOI].
Crozier, L. G., Hendry, A. P., Lawson, P. W., Quinn, T. P., Mantua, N. J., Battin, J. and Shaw, R. G. (2008), “Potential responses to climate change in organisms with complex life histories: Evolution and plasticity in Pacific salmon”, Evolutionary Applications, 1(2): 252–270, [External LinkDOI].
Cutler, D. R., Edwards Jr, T. C., Beard, K. H., Cutler, A., Hess, K. T., Gibson, J. and Lawler, J. L. (2007), “Random forests for classification in ecology”, Ecology, 88: 2783–2792, [External LinkDOI].
Dauwalter, D. C. and Jackson, J. R. (2004), “A provisional fish index of biotic integrity for assessing Ouachita Mountains streams in Arkansas, USA”, Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, 91(3): 27–57, [External LinkDOI].
Davies, P. E., Harris, J., Hillman, T. and Walker, K. (2006), “Sustainable Rivers Audit (SRA) Implementation Period 1 (2004-2005) Progress Report: A Report to the Murray-Darling Basin Ministerial Council prepared by the Independent Sustainable Rivers Audit Group”, MDBC Publication, No. 09/06, Canberra (Murray-Darling Basin Commission). Online version (accessed 5 March 2010):
External Linkhttp://publications.mdbc.gov.au/view.php?view=52.
Dodge, D. P., ed. (1989), Proceedings of the International Large River Symposium (LARS), Honey Harbour, Ontario, Canada, September 14 – 21, 1986, Canadian Special Publication of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, 106, Ottawa (Fisheries and Oceans Canada).
Drummond, J. and Barros-Platiau, A. F. G. (2006), “Brazilian environmental laws and policies 1934–2002: a critical overview”, Law & Policy, 28: 83–108, [External LinkDOI].
Dunham, J., Baxter, C., Fausch, K., Fredenberg, W., Kitano, S., Koizume, I., Morita, K., Nakamura, T., Rieman, B., Savvaitova, K., Stanford, J., Taylor, E. and Yamamoto, S. (2008), “Evolution, ecology, and conservation of Dolly Varden, white-spotted char, and bull trout”, Fisheries, 33: 537–550.
Dunning, J. B., Danielson, B. J., Noon, B. R., Root, T. L., Lamberson, R. H. and Stevens, E. E. (1995), “Spatially explicit population models: current forms and future uses”, Ecological Applications, 5: 3–11, [External LinkDOI].
Durance, I., Lepichon, C. and Ormerod, S. J. (2006), “Recognizing the importance of scale in the ecology and management of riverine fish”, River Research and Applications, 22(10): 1143–1152, [External LinkDOI].
Dynesius, M. and Nilsson, C. (1994), “Fragmentation and flow regulation of river systems in the northern third of the world”, Science, 266: 753–762, [External LinkDOI].
Ebel, W. J., Becker, C. D., Mullan, J. W. and Raymond, H. L. (1989), “The Columbia River: toward a holistic understanding”, in Dodge, D. P., ed., Proceedings of the International Large River Symposium (LARS), Honey Harbour, Ontario, Canada, September 14 – 21, 1986, Canadian Special Publication of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, 106, pp. 205–219, Ottawa (Fisheries and Oceans Canada).
Eikaas, H. S., Kliskey, A. D. and McIntosh, A. R. (2005), “Spatial modeling and habitat quantification for two diadromous fish in New Zealand streams: GIS-based approach with application for conservation management”, Environmental Management, 36(5): 726–740, [External LinkDOI].
Ekness, P. and Randhir, T. O. (2007), “Effects of riparian areas, stream order, and land use disturbance on watershed-scale habitat potential: An ecohydrologic approach to policy”, Journal of the American Water Resources Association, 43(6): 1468–1482, [External LinkDOI].
Fagan, W. F. (2002), “Connectivity, fragmentation, and extinction risk in dendritic metapopulations”, Ecology, 83(12): 3243–3249, [External LinkDOI].
Fagan, W. F., Unmack, P. J., Burgess, C. and Minckley, W. L. (2002), “Rarity, fragmentation, and extinction risk in desert fishes”, Ecology, 83(12): 3250–3256, [External LinkDOI].
Fausch, K. D., Torgersen, C. E., Baxter, C. V. and Hiram, W. L. (2002), “Landscapes to riverscapes: Bridging the gap between research and conservation of stream fishes”, BioScience, 52(6): 483–498, [External LinkDOI].
Fausch, K. D., Baxter, C. V. and Murakami, M. (2010), “Multiple stressors in north temperate streams: lessons from linked forest–stream ecosystems in northern Japan”, Freshwater Biology, 55(s1): 120–134, [External LinkDOI].
Feist, B. E., Steel, E. A., Pess, G. R. and Bilby, R. E. (2003), “The influence of scale on salmon habitat restoration priorities”, Animal Conservation, 6(3): 271–282, [External LinkDOI].
Feist, B. E., Steel, E. A., Jensen, D. W. and Sather, D. N. (2010), “Does the scale of our observational window affect our conclusions about correlations between endangered salmon populations and their habitat?”, Landscape Ecology, 25(5): 727–743, [External LinkDOI].
FEMAT (1993), “Forest ecosystem management: An ecological, economic, and social assessment. Report of the Forest Ecosystem Management Assessment Team”, 1993-793-071, Washington, DC (U.S. Government Printing Office).
Feurer, D., Bailly, J.-S., Puech, C., Coarer, Y. L. and Viau, A. A. (2008), “Very-high-resolution mapping of river-immersed topography by remote sensing”, Progress in Physical Geography, 32(4): 403–419, [External LinkDOI].
Filipe, A. F., Marques, T. A., Seabra, S., Tiago, P., Ribeiro, F., Da Costa, L. M., Cowx, I. G. and Collares-Pereira, M. J. (2004), “Selection of priority areas for fish conservation in Guadiana River Basin, Iberian peninsula”, Conservation Biology, 18(1): 189–200, [External LinkDOI].
Fitzpatrick, F. A., Scudder, B. C., Lenz, B. N. and Sullivan, D. J. (2001), “Effects of multi-scale environmental characteristics on agricultural stream biota in eastern Wisconsin”, Journal of the American Water Resources Association, 37: 1489–507, [External LinkDOI].
Flebbe, P. A., Roghair, L. D. and Bruggink, J. L. (2006), “Spatial modeling to project southern Appalachian trout distribution in a warmer climate”, Transactions of the American Fisheries Society, 135(5): 1371–1382, [External LinkDOI].
Flitcroft, R. L. (2007), “Regions to Streams: Spatial and Temporal Variation in Stream Occupancy Patterns of Coho Salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch) on the Oregon Coast”, phd.
Flotemersch, J. E., Stribling, J. B., Hughes, R. M., Reynolds, L., Paul, M. J. and Wolter, C. (2010), “Site length for biological assessment of boatable rivers”, River Research and Applications, in press, [External LinkDOI].
Fonstad, M. A. and Marcus, M. A. (2005), “Remote sensing of stream depths with hydraulically assisted bathymetry (HAB) models”, Geomorphology, 72(1-4): 320–339, [External LinkDOI].
Forman, R. T. T. and Godron, M. (1986), Landscape Ecology, New York (John Wiley & Sons).
Freeman, R. E., Stanley, E. H. and Turner, M. G. (2003), “Analysis and conservation implications of landscape change in the Wisconsin River floodplain, USA”, Ecological Applications, 13(2): 416–431, [External LinkDOI].
Frissell, C. A., Liss, W. J., Warren, C. E. and Hurley, M. D. (1986), “A hierarchical framework for stream habitat classification: Viewing streams in a watershed context”, Environmental Management, 10(2): 199–214, [External LinkDOI].
Fritsch, A. J. (1872), “Die Wirbeltiere Böhmens: Ein Verzeichnis aller bisher in Böhmen beobachteten Säugetiere, Vögel, Amphibien und Fische”, Archiv für die naturwissenschaftliche Landesdurchforschung von Böhmen, 2: 1–152.
Fukushima, M., Kemeyama, S., Kaneko, M., Nakao, K. and Steel, E. A. (2007), “Modelling the effects of dams on freshwater fish distributions in Hokkaido, Japan”, Freshwater Biology, 52: 1511–1524, [External LinkDOI].
Fullerton, A. F., Steel, E. A., Caras, Y., Sheer, M., Olson, P. and Kaje, J. (2009), “Putting watershed restoration in context: Alternative future scenarios influence management outcomes”, Ecological Applications, 19(1): 218–235, [External LinkDOI].
Fullerton, A. H., Beechie, T. J., Baker, S. E., Hall, J. E. and Barnas, K. A. (2006), “Regional patterns of riparian characteristics in the interior Columbia River basin, Northwestern USA: applications for restoration planning”, Landscape Ecology, 21(8): 1347–1360, [External LinkDOI].
Ganasan, V. and Hughes, R. M. (1998), “Application of an index of biological integrity (IBI) to fish assemblages of the rivers Khan and Kshipra (Madhya Pradesh), India”, Freshwater Biology, 40: 367–383, [External LinkDOI].
Ganio, L. M., Torgersen, C. E. and Gresswell, R. E. (2005), “A geostatistical approach for describing spatial pattern in stream networks”, Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment, 3(3): 138–144, [External LinkDOI].
Gardner, R. H. and Urban, D. L. (2007), “Neutral models for testing landscape hypotheses”, Landscape Ecology, 22(1): 15–29, [External LinkDOI].
Gardner, R. H., Milne, B. T., Turner, M. G. and O’Neill, R. V. (1987), “Neutral models for the analysis of broad-scale landscape pattern”, Landscape Ecology, 1: 19–28, [External LinkDOI].
Gergel, S. E., Turner, M. G., Miller, J. R., Melack, J. M. and Stanley, E. H. (2002), “Landscape indicators of human impacts to riverine systems”, Aquatic Sciences, 64(2): 118–128, [External LinkDOI].
Gido, K. B., Falke, J. A., Oakes, R. M. and Hase, K. J. (2006), “Fish-habitat relations across spatial scales in prairie streams”, in Hughes, R. M., Wang, L. and Seelbach, P. W., eds., Landscape Influences on Stream Habitats and Biological Assemblages, Proceedings of the Symposium held in Madison, Wisconsin, USA, 25 – 26 August 2004, AFS Symposium, 48, pp. 265–285, Bethesda, MD (American Fisheries Society).
Gilliom, R. J., Hamilton, P. A. and Miller, T. L. (2001), “The National Water-Quality Assessment Program: Entering a new decade of investigations”, U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet, 071-01, Reston, VA (USGS). Online version (accessed 21 October 2009):
External Linkhttp://pubs.water.usgs.gov/fs07101.
Goetz, S. and Fiske, G. (2008), “Linking the diversity and abundance of stream biota to landscapes in the mid-Atlantic USA”, Remote Sensing of Environment, 112(11): 4075–4085, [External LinkDOI].
Govender, M., Chetty, K. and Bulcock, H. (2007), “A review of hyperspectral remote sensing and its application in vegetation and water resource studies”, Water SA, 33(2): 145–151.
Graf, W. L. (1999), “Dam nation: A geographic census of American dams and their large-scale hydrologic impacts”, Water Resources Research, 35(4): 1305–1311, [External LinkDOI].
Gresswell, R. E., Torgersen, C. E., Bateman, D. S., Guy, T. J., Hendricks, S. R. and Wofford, J. E. B. (2006), “A spatially explicit approach for evaluating relationships among coastal cutthroat trout, habitat, and disturbance in headwater streams”, in Hughes, R. M., Wang, L. and Seelbach, P., eds., Landscape Influences on Stream Habitats and Biological Assemblages, Proceedings of the Symposium held in Madison, Wisconsin, USA, 25 – 26 August 2004, AFS Symposium, 48, pp. 457–471, Bethesda, MD (American Fisheries Society).
Gurevitch, J. and Padilla, D. K. (2004), “Are invasive species a major cause of extinctions?”, Trends in Ecology & Evolution, 19(9): 470–474, [External LinkDOI].
Hall, R. K., Watkins, R. L., Heggem, D. T., Jones, K. B., Kaufmann, P. R., Moore, S. B. and Gregory, S. J. (2009), “Quantifying structural physical habitat attributes using LIDAR and hyperspectral imagery”, Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, 159: 63–83, [External LinkDOI].
Harding, J. S., Benfield, E. F., Bolstad, P. V., Helfman, G. S. and Jones III, E. B. D. (1998), “Stream biodiversity: The ghost of land use past”, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the USA, 95: 14 843–14 847, [External LinkDOI].
Hawkes, H. A. (1975), “River zonation and classification”, in Whitton, B. A., ed., River Ecology, pp. 312–374, Berkeley and Los Angeles (University of California Press). [External LinkGoogle Books].
Hawkins, C. P., Kershner, J. L., Bisson, P. A., Bryant, M. D., Decker, L. M., Gregory, S. V., McCullough, D. A., Overton, C. K., Reeves, G. H. and Steedman, R. J. (1993), “A hierarchical approach to classifying stream habitat features”, Fisheries, 18(6): 3–12, [External LinkDOI].
Hawkins, C. P., Norris, R. H., Gerritsen, J., Hughes, R. M., Jackson, S. K., Johnson, R. K. and Stevenson, R. J. (2000), “Evaluation of the use of landscape classifications for the prediction of freshwater biota: Synthesis and recommendations”, Journal of the North American Benthological Society, 19(3): 541–556, [External LinkDOI].
Herlihy, A. T., Hughes, R. M. and Sifneos, J. C. (2006), “Landscape clusters based on fish assemblages in the conterminous USA and their relationship to existing landscape classifications”, in Hughes, R. M., Wang, L. and Seelbach, P. W., eds., Landscape Influences on Stream Habitats and Biological Assemblages, Proceedings of the Symposium held in Madison, Wisconsin, USA, 25 – 26 August 2004, AFS Symposium, 48, pp. 87–112, Bethesda, MD (American Fisheries Society).
Hitt, N. P. and Angermeier, P. L. (2006), “Effects of adjacent streams on local fish assemblage structure in western Virginia: Implications for biomonitoring”, in Hughes, R. M., Wang, L. and Seelbach, P. W., eds., Landscape Influences on Stream Habitats and Biological Assemblages, Proceedings of the Symposium held in Madison, Wisconsin, USA, 25 – 26 August 2004, AFS Symposium, 48, pp. 75–86, Bethesda, MD (American Fisheries Society).
Hitt, N. P. and Angermeier, P. L. (2008a), “Evidence for fish dispersal from spatial analysis of stream network topology”, Journal of the North American Benthological Society, 27: 304–320, [External LinkDOI].
Hitt, N. P. and Angermeier, P. L. (2008b), “River-stream connectivity affects fish bioassessment performance”, Environmental Management, 42(1): 132–150, [External LinkDOI].
Hogan, D. M. and Walbridge, M. R. (2007), “Urbanization and nutrient retention in freshwater riparian wetlands”, Ecological Applications, 17(4): 1142–55, [External LinkDOI].
Holden, P. B., Deacon, J. E. and Golden, M. E. (2005), “Historical changes in fishes of the Virgin-Moapa River system: continuing decline of a unique native fauna”, in Rinne, J. N., Hughes, R. M. and Calamusso, B., eds., Historical Changes in Large River Fish Assemblages of the Americas, Proceedings of the Symposium held in Phoenix, Arizona, USA, 21 August 2001, AFS Symposium, 45, pp. 99–114, Bethesda, MD (American Fisheries Society).
Hollenhorst, T. P., Brown, T. N., Johnson, L. B., Ciborowski, J. J. H. and Host, G. E. (2007), “Methods for generating muli-scale watershed delineations for indicator development in Great Lakes coastal ecosystems”, Journal of Great Lakes Research, 33: 13–26, [External LinkDOI].
Host, G. E., Schuldt, J., Ciborowski, J. J. H., Johnson, L. B., Hollenhorst, T. and Richards, C. (2005), “Use of GIS and remotely sensed data for a priori identification of reference areas for Great Lakes coastal ecosystems”, International Journal of Remote Sensing, 26(23): 5325–41, [External LinkDOI].
Houssain, N. A., Younis, K. H. and Yousif, U. H. (2001), “Evaluation of environmental degradation in the fish assemblage of Shatt Al-Arab River”, Pakistan Journal of Zoology, 33(2): 93–98.
Hued, A. C. and Bistoni, M. (2003), “Development and validation of a biotic index for evaluation of environmental quality in the central region of Argentina”, Hydrobiologia, 543: 279–298.
Huet, M. (1949), “Aperçu des relations entre la pente et les populations piscicoles des eaux courantes”, Aquatic Sciences, 11: 332–351.
Hughes, F. M. R., Moss, T. and Richards, K. S. (2008), “Uncertainty in Riparian and Floodplain Restoration”, in Darby, S. and Sear, D., eds., River Restoration: Managing the Uncertainty in Restoring Physical Habitat, pp. 79–104, Chichester (John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.), [External LinkDOI].
Hughes, J. M. (2007), “Constraints on Recovery: Using molecular methods to study connectivity of aquatic biota in rivers and streams”, Freshwater Biology, 52(4): 616–631, [External LinkDOI].
Hughes, M. L., McDowell, P. F. and Marcus, W. A. (2006a), “Accuracy assessment of georectified aerial photographs: Implications for measuring lateral channel movement in a GIS”, Geomorphology, 74(1-4): 1–16, [External LinkDOI].
Hughes, R. M., Paulsen, S. G. and Stoddard, J. L. (2000), “EMAP-Surface Waters: a national, multiassemblage, probability survey of ecological integrity”, Hydrobiologia, 422/423: 429–443.
Hughes, R. M., Howlin, S. and Kaufmann, P. R. (2004), “A biointegrity index (IBI) for coldwater streams of western Oregon and Washington”, Transactions of the American Fisheries Society, 133: 1497–1515, [External LinkDOI].
Hughes, R. M., Rinne, J. N. and Calamusso, B. (2005a), “Introduction to historical changes in large river fish assemblages of the Americas”, in Rinne, J. N., Hughes, R. M. and Calamusso, B., eds., Historical Changes in Large River Fish Assemblages of the Americas, Proceedings of the Symposium held in Phoenix, Arizona, USA, 21 August 2001, AFS Symposium, 45, pp. 1–12, Bethesda, MD (American Fisheries Society).
Hughes, R. M., Rinne, J. N. and Calamusso, B. (2005b), “Historical changes in large river fish assemblages of the Americas: A synthesis”, in Rinne, J. N., Hughes, R. M. and Calamusso, B., eds., Historical Changes in Large River Fish Assemblages of the Americas, Proceedings of the Symposium held in Phoenix, Arizona, USA, 21 August 2001, AFS Symposium, 45, pp. 603–612, Bethesda, MD (American Fisheries Society).
Hughes, R. M., Wang, L. and Seelbach, P. W., eds. (2006b), Landscape Influences on Stream Habitats and Biological Assemblages, Proceedings of the Symposium held in Madison, Wisconsin, USA, 25 – 26 August 2004, AFS Symposium, 48, Bethesda, MD (American Fisheries Society).
Hugueny, B., Camara, S., Smoura, B. and Magassouba, M. (1996), “Applying an index of biotic integrity based on fish communities in a west African river”, Hydrobiologia, 331: 71–78, [External LinkDOI].
Hulse, D. W., Branscomb, A. and Payne, S. G. (2004), “Envisioning alternatives: Using citizen guidance to map future land and water use”, Ecological Applications, 14(2): 325–341, [External LinkDOI].
Humphries, P. and Winemiller, K. O. (2009), “Historical impacts on river fauna, shifting baselines, and challenges for restoration”, BioScience, 59: 673–684, [External LinkDOI].
Hunsaker, C. T. and Hughes, R. M. (2002), “Effects of Landscape Change on the Physical and Chemical Components of Aquatic Ecosystems”, in Gutzwiller, K. J., ed., Applying Landscape Ecology in Biological Conservation, pp. 286–308, New York; Berlin (Springer). [External LinkGoogle Books].
Hynes, H. B. N. (1975), “The stream and its valley”, in Proceedings of the 19th Congress of the International Association of Theoretical and Applied Limnology, Winnipeg, Canada, August 1974, Verhandlungen IVL, 19, pp. 1–15, Stuttgart (Schweizerbart).
Ibañez, C., Belliard, J., Hughes, R. M., Irz, P., Kamdem-Toham, A., Lamouroux, N. and Oberdorff, T. (2009), “Convergence of temperate and tropical stream fish assemblages”, Ecography, 32(4): 658–670.
Independent Multidisciplinary Science Team (2007), “Considerations for the Use of Ecological Indicators in Restoration Effectiveness Evaluation”, IMST Technical Report, 2007-1, Salem, OR (Oregon Watershed Enhancement Board). Online version (accessed 21 May 2010):
External Linkhttp://www.fsl.orst.edu/imst/reports/monitoring.html.
Independent Multidisciplinary Science Team (2009), “Issues in the Aggregation of Data to Assess Environmental Conditions”, IMST Technical Report, 2009-1, Salem, OR (Oregon Watershed Enhancement Board). Online version (accessed 21 May 2010):
External Linkhttp://www.fsl.orst.edu/imst/reports/monitoring.html.
Independent Multidisciplinary Science Team (2010), “Urban and Rural Residential Land Uses: Their Role in Watershed Health and the Rehabilitation of Oregon’s Wild Salmonids”, IMST Technical Report, 2010-1, Salem, OR (Oregon Watershed Enhancement Board). Online version (accessed 21 May 2010):
External Linkhttp://www.fsl.orst.edu/imst/reports.html.
Ioannidis, J. P. A. (2005), “Why most published research findings are false”, PLoS Medicine, 2(8): e124, [External LinkDOI].
Isaak, D. J., Thurow, R. F., Rieman, B. E. and Dunham, J. B. (2007), “Chinook salmon use of spawning patches: relative roles of habitat quality, size, and connectivity”, Ecological Applications, 17(2): 352–364, [External LinkDOI].
Jansson, R., Nilsson, C. and Malmqvist, B. (2007), “Restoring freshwater ecosystems in riverine landscapes: the roles of connectivity and recovery processes”, Freshwater Biology, 52(4): 589–596, [External LinkDOI].
Jenerette, G. D. and Wu, J. (2000), “On the definitions of scale”, Bulletin of the Ecological Society of America, 81(1): 104–105.
Johnson, L. and Gage, S. (1997), “Landscape approaches to the analysis of aquatic ecosystems”, Freshwater Biology, 37(1): 113–132, [External LinkDOI].
Johnson, L. B. and Host, G. E. (2010), “Recent developments in landscape approaches for the study of aquatic ecosystems”, Journal of the North American Benthological Society, 29: 41–66, [External LinkDOI].
Jones, K. L., Poole, G. C., O’Daniel, S. J., Mertes, L. A. K. and Stanford, J. A. (2008), “Surface hydrology of low-relief landscapes: Assessing surface water flow impedance using LIDAR-derived digital elevation models”, Remote Sensing of Environment, 112(11): 4148–4159, [External LinkDOI].
Jorgensen, J. C., Honea, J. M., McClure, M. M., Cooney, T. D., Engie, K. and Holzer, D. M. (2009), “Linking landscape-level change to habitat quality: an evaluation of restoration actions on the freshwater habitat of spring-run Chinook salmon”, Freshwater Biology, 54: 1560–1575, [External LinkDOI].
Joy, M. K. and Death, R. G. (2004), “Application of the index of biotic integrity methodology to New Zealand freshwater fish communities”, Environmental Management, 34: 415–428, [External LinkDOI].
Kail, J., Hering, D., Muhar, S., Gerhard, M. and Preis, S. (2007), “The use of large wood in stream restoration: experiences from 50 projects in Germany and Austria”, Journal of Applied Ecology, 44: 1145–1155, [External LinkDOI].
Kearns, F. R., Kelly, N. M., Carter, J. L. and Resh, V. H. (2005), “A method for the use of landscape metrics in freshwater research and management”, Landscape Ecology, 20(1): 113–125, [External LinkDOI].
Kershner, J. L., Roper, B. B., Bouwes, N., Henderson, R. and Archer, E. (2004), “An analysis of stream habitat conditions in reference and managed watersheds on some federal lands within the Columbia River Basin”, North American Journal of Fisheries Management, 24(4): 1363–75, [External LinkDOI].
King, R. S., Baker, M. E., Whigham, D. F., Weller, D. E., Jordan, T. E., Kazyak, P. F. and Hurd, M. K. (2005), “Spatial considerations for linking watershed land cover to ecological indicators in streams”, Ecological Applications, 15(1): 137–153, [External LinkDOI].
Kinzel, P. J. (2009), “Advanced tools for river science: EAARL and MD_SWMS”, in Bayer, J. M. and Schei, J. L., eds., PNAMP Special Publication: Remote Sensing Applications for Aquatic Resource Monitoring: Pacific Northwest Aquatic Monitoring Partnership, PNAMP Special Session at the 2008 ASPRS Annual Meeting, pp. 17–26, Cook, WA (Pacific Northwest Aquatic Monitoring Partnership). URL (accessed 5 March 2010):
External Linkhttp://www.pnamp.org/node/2550.
Kinzel, P. J., Wright, C. W., Nelson, J. M. and Burman, A. R. (2007), “Evaluation of an experimental LiDAR for surveying a shallow, braided, sand-bedded river”, Journal of Hydraulic Engineering, 133(7): 838–842, [External LinkDOI].
Klauda, R., Kazyak, P., Stranko, S., Southerland, M., Roth, N. and Chaillou, J. (1998), “Maryland biological stream survey: A state agency program to assess the impact of anthropogenic stresses on stream habitat quality and biota”, Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, 51: 299–316, [External LinkDOI].
Kleynhans, C. J. (1999), “The development of a fish index to assess the biological integrity of South African rivers”, Water SA, 25(3): 265–278.
Kracker, L. (2006), “Disconnected rivers”, Landscape Ecology, 21(1): 153–154, [External LinkDOI].
Lake, P. S., Bond, N. and Reich, P. (2007), “Linking ecological theory with stream restoration”, Freshwater Biology, 52: 597–615, [External LinkDOI].
Lammert, M. and Allan, J. D. (1999), “Assessing biotic integrity of streams: Effects of scale in measuring the influence of land use/cover and habitat structure on fish and macroinvertebrates”, Environmental Management, 23(2): 257–270, [External LinkDOI].
LaVigne, H. R., Hughes, R. M. and Herlihy, A. T. (2008a), “Bioassessments to detect changes in Pacific Northwest river fish assemblages: a Malheur River case study”, Northwest Science, 82: 251–258, [External LinkDOI].
LaVigne, H. R., Hughes, R. M., Wildman, R. C., Gregory, S. V. and Herlihy, A. T. (2008b), “Summer distribution and species richness of non-native fishes in the mainstem Willamette River, Oregon, 1944–2006”, Northwest Science, 82: 83–93, [External LinkDOI].
Leckie, D. G., Cloney, E., Jay, C. and Paradine, D. (2005), “Automated mapping of stream features with high-resolution multispectral imagery: An example of the capabilities”, Photogrammetric Engineering & Remote Sensing, 71(2): 145–155.
Leclerc, J. and DesGranges, J. L. (2005), “Exploratory multiscale analysis of the fish assemblages and habitats of the Lower St. Lawrence River, Québec, Canada”, Biodiversity and Conservation, 14(5): 1153–1174, [External LinkDOI].
Legleiter, C. J. (2003), “Spectrally driven classification of high spatial resolution, hyperspectral imagery: A tool for mapping in-stream habitat”, Environmental Management, 32(3): 399–411, [External LinkDOI].
Legleiter, C. J. and Roberts, D. A. (2005), “Effects of channel morphology and sensor spatial resolution on image-derived depth estimates”, Remote Sensing of Environment, 95(2): 231–247, [External LinkDOI].
Legleiter, C. J., Marcus, W. A. and Lawrence, R. L. (2002), “Effects of sensor resolution on mapping in-stream habitats”, Photogrammetric Engineering & Remote Sensing, 68(8): 801–807.
Legleiter, C. J., Roberts, D. A., Marcus, W. A. and Fonstad, M. A. (2004), “Passive optical remote sensing of river channel morphology and in-stream habitat: Physical basis and feasibility”, Remote Sensing of Environment, 93(4): 493–510, [External LinkDOI].
Lehmann, A. and Lachavanne, J.-B. (1997), “Geographic information systems and remote sensing in aquatic botany”, Aquatic Botany, 58(3-4): 195–207, [External LinkDOI].
Lelek, A. (1989), “The Rhine river and some of its tributaries under human impact in the last two centuries”, in Dodge, D. P., ed., Proceedings of the International Large River Symposium (LARS), Honey Harbour, Ontario, Canada, September 14 – 21, 1986, Canadian Special Publication of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, 106, pp. 469–487, Ottawa (Fisheries and Oceans Canada).
Leprieur, F., Beauchard, O., Blanchet, S., Oberdorff, T. and Brosse, S. (2008a), “Fish invasions in the world’s river systems: When natural processes are blurred by human activities”, PLoS Biology, 6(2): e28, [External LinkDOI].
Leprieur, F., Beauchard, O., Hugueny, B., Grenouillet, G. and Brosse, S. (2008b), “Null model of biotic homogenization: A test with the European freshwater fish fauna”, Diversity and Distributions, 14(2): 291–300, [External LinkDOI].
Letcher, B. H., Nislow, K. H., Coombs, J. A., O’Donnell, M. J. and Dubreuil, T. L. (2007), “Population response to habitat fragmentation in a stream-dwelling brook trout population”, PLoS ONE, 2(11): e1139, [External LinkDOI].
Leuven, R. S. E. W., Poudevigne, I. and Teeuw, R. M., eds. (2002), Application of Geographic Information Systems and Remote Sensing in River Studies, Contains updated lectures of a European Socrates workshop organized by the Department of Environmental Studies of the University of Nijmegen on September 7 – 8, 1998, Leiden (Backhuys Publishers).
Levin, S. A. (1992), “The problem of pattern and scale in ecology: The Robert H. MacArthur Award Lecture”, Ecology, 73(6): 1943–1967, [External LinkDOI].
Li, H. W., Currens, K., Bottom, D., Clarke, S., Dambacher, J., Frissell, C., Harris, P., Hughes, R. M., McCullough, D., McGie, A., Moore, K., Nawa, R. and Thiele, S. (1996), “Safe havens: refuges and evolutionarily significant units”, in Nielson, J. L., ed., Evolution and the Aquatic Ecosystem: Defining Unique Units in Population Conservation, Proceedings of the Symposium held at Monterey, California, USA, 23 – 25 May 1994, AFS Symposium, 17, pp. 371–380, Bethesda, MD (American Fisheries Society).
Light, T. and Marchetti, M. P. (2007), “Distinguishing between invasions and habitat changes as drivers of diversity loss among California’s freshwater fishes”, Conservation Biology, 21(2): 434–446, [External LinkDOI].
Lisboa, A. H., Goulart, E. M. A. and Diniz, L. F. M. (2008), Projeto Manuelzão: a história da mobilização que começou em torno de um rio, Belo Horizonte (Instituto Guaicuy).
Lomnicky, G. A., Whittier, T. R., Hughes, R. M. and Peck, D. V. (2007), “Distribution of nonnative aquatic vertebrates in western US streams and rivers”, North American Journal of Fisheries Management, 27(4): 1082–93, [External LinkDOI].
Lorang, M. S., Whited, D. C., Hauer, F. R., Kimball, J. S. and Stanford, J. A. (2005), “Using airborne multispectral imagery to evaluate geomorphic work across floodplains of gravel-bed rivers”, Ecological Applications, 15(4): 1209–22, [External LinkDOI].
Lowe, W. H., Likens, G. E. and Power, M. E. (2006), “Linking scales in stream ecology”, BioScience, 56(7): 591–597, [External LinkDOI].
Madriñán, L. F. (2008), “Biophysical Factors Driving the Distribution and Abundance of Redband/Steelhead Trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss gairdneri) in the South Fork John Day River Basin, Oregon, USA”, phd.
Malmqvist, B. (2002), “Aquatic invertebrates in riverine landscapes”, Freshwater Biology, 47: 679–694, [External LinkDOI].
Marcus, W. A. (2002), “Mapping of stream microhabitats with high spatial resolution hyperspectral imagery”, Journal of Geographical Systems, 4(1): 113–126, [External LinkDOI].
Marcus, W. A. and Fonstad, M. A. (2007), “Optical remote mapping of rivers at sub-meter resolutions and watershed extents”, Earth Surface Processes and Landforms, 33(1): 4–24, [External LinkDOI].
Marcus, W. A., Legleiter, C. J., Aspinall, R. J., Boardman, J. W. and Crabtree, R. L. (2003), “High spatial resolution hyperspectral mapping of in-stream habitats, depths, and woody debris in mountain streams”, Geomorphology, 55(1-4): 363–380, [External LinkDOI].
Margules, C. R. and Pressey, R. L. (2000), “Systematic conservation planning”, Nature, 405(6783): 243–253, [External LinkDOI].
Marsh-Matthews, E. and Matthews, W. J. (2000), “Geographic, terrestrial and aquatic factors: which most influence the structure of stream fish assemblages in the midwestern United States?”, Ecology of Freshwater Fish, 9: 9–21, [External LinkDOI].
Mattson, K. M. and Angermeier, P. L. (2007), “Integrating human impacts and ecological integrity into a risk-based protocol for conservation planning”, Environmental Management, 39(1): 125–138, [External LinkDOI].
Matulla, C., Schmutz, S., Melcher, A., Gerersdorfer, T. and Haas, P. (2007), “Assessing the impact of a downscaled climate change simulation on the fish fauna in an inner-Alpine river”, International Journal of Biometeorology, 52(2): 127–137, [External LinkDOI].
McCormick, F. H., Hughes, R. M., Kaufmann, P. R., Herlihy, A. T. and Peck, D. V. (2001), “Development of an index of biotic integrity for the mid-Atlantic highlands region”, Transactions of the American Fisheries Society, 130: 857–877, [External LinkDOI].
McGarvey, D. J. and Hughes, R. M. (2008), “Longitudinal zonation of Pacific Northwest (U.S.A.) fish assemblages and the species-discharge relationship”, Copeia, 2008: 311–321, [External LinkDOI].
McKean, J. A., Isaak, D. J. and Wright, C. W. (2008), “Geomorphic controls on salmon nesting patterns described by a new, narrow-beam terrestrial–aquatic lidar”, Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment, 6(3): 125–130, [External LinkDOI].
McKean, J. A., Isaak, D. J. and Wright, C. W. (2009a), “Improving stream studies with a small-footprint green Lidar”, Eos, Transactions AGU, 90(39): 341–342, [External LinkDOI].
McKean, J. A., Nagel, D., Tonina, D., Bailey, P., Wright, C. W., Bohn, C. and Nayegandhi, A. (2009b), “Remote sensing of channels and riparian zones with a narrow-beam aquatic-terrestrial LIDAR”, Remote Sensing, 1: 1065–1096, [External LinkDOI]. URL (accessed 5 March 2010):
External Linkhttp://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/1/4/1065.
Meffe, G. K. (1984), “Effects of abiotic disturbance on coexistence of predator-prey fish species”, Ecology, 65: 1525–1534, [External LinkDOI].
Mertes, L. A. K. (2002), “Remote sensing of riverine landscapes”, Freshwater Biology, 47(4): 799–816, [External LinkDOI].
Miller Reed, K. and Czech, B. (2005), “Causes of fish endangerment in the United States, or the structure of the American economy”, Fisheries, 30(7): 36–38.
Miltner, R. J., White, D. and Yoder, C. (2004), “The biotic integrity of streams in urban and suburbanizing landscapes”, Landscape and Urban Planning, 69(1): 87–100, [External LinkDOI].
Moerke, A. H. and Lamberti, G. A. (2006), “Relationships between land use and stream ecosystems: A multistream assessment in southwestern Michigan”, in Hughes, R. M., Wang, L. and Seelbach, P. W., eds., Landscape Influences on Stream Habitats and Biological Assemblages, Proceedings of the Symposium held in Madison, Wisconsin, USA, 25 – 26 August 2004, AFS Symposium, 48, pp. 323–338, Bethesda, MD (American Fisheries Society).
Morley, S. A. and Karr, J. R. (2002), “Assessing and restoring the health of urban streams in the Puget Sound Basin”, Conservation Biology, 16(6): 1498–509, [External LinkDOI].
Moss, T. H. (2004), “The governance of land use in river basins: prospects for overcoming problems of institutional interplay with the EU Water Framework Directive”, Land Use Policy, 21(1): 85, [External LinkDOI].
Mouton, A. (2005), “Generating Stream Maps Using LiDAR Derived Digital Elevation Models and 10-m USGS DEM”, msc.
Mugodo, J., Kennard, M., Liston, P., Nichols, S., Linke, S., Norris, R. H. and Lintermans, M. (2006), “Local stream habitat variables predicted from catchment scale characteristics are useful for predicting fish distribution”, Hydrobiologia, 572: 59–70, [External LinkDOI].
Murray, K. (1999), “National Aquatic Ecosystem Biomonitoring Programme: National Implementation Assessment”, NAEBP Report Series, No. 8, Pretoria, South Africa (Institute for Water Quality Studies, Department of Water Affairs and Forestry).
Naidoo, R. and Adamowicz, W. L. (2001), “Effects of economic prosperity on numbers of threatened species”, Conservation Biology, 15(4): 1021–1029, [External LinkDOI].
Naiman, R. J., Beechie, T. J., Benda, L. E., Berg, D. R., Bisson, P. A., MacDonald, L. H., O’Connor, W. D., Olson, P. L. and Steel, E. A. (1992), “Fundamental elements of ecologically healthy water-sheds in the Pacific Northwest coastal ecoregion”, in Naiman, R. J., ed., Watershed Management: Balancing Sustainability and Environmental Change, Symposium held in Seattle, Washington, USA, on New Perspectives for Watershed Management in the Pacific Northwest, November 27 – 29, 1990, pp. 127–188, New York (Springer). [External LinkGoogle Books].
Nelson, S. A. C., Cheruvelil, K. S. and Soranno, P. A. (2006), “Satellite remote sensing of freshwater macrophytes and the influence of water clarity”, Aquatic Botany, 85(4): 289–298, [External LinkDOI].
Nerbonne, B. A. and Vondracek, B. (2001), “Effects of local land use on physical habitat, benthic macroinvertebrates, and fish in the Whitewater River, Minnesota, USA”, Environmental Management, 28(1): 87–99, [External LinkDOI].
Nilsson, C., Reidy, C. A., Dynesius, M. and Revenga, C. (2005), “Fragmentation and flow regulation of the world’s large river systems”, Science, 308: 405–408, [External LinkDOI].
Oberdorff, T. and Hughes, R. M. (1992), “Modification of an index of biotic integrity based on fish assemblages to characterize rivers of the Seine Basin, France”, Hydrobiologia, 228: 117–130, [External LinkDOI].
Ode, P. R., Rehn, A. C. and May, J. T. (2005), “A quantitative tool for assessing the integrity of southern coastal California streams”, Environmental Management, 35: 493–504, [External LinkDOI].
Olden, J. D. (2007), “Critical threshold effects of benthiscape structure on stream herbivore movement”, Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London, Series B, 362(1479): 461–472, [External LinkDOI].
Osborne, L. L. and Wiley, M. J. (1992), “Influence of tributary spatial position on the structure of warmwater fish communities”, Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, 49: 671–681, [External LinkDOI].
Otte, A., Simmering, D. and Wolters, V. (2007), “Biodiversity at the landscape level: Recent concepts and perspectives for multifunctional land use”, Landscape Ecology, 22(5): 639–642, [External LinkDOI].
Palmer, M. A. and Bernhardt, E. S. (2006), “Hydroecology and river restoration: ripe for research and synthesis”, Water Resources Research, 42: W03S07, [External LinkDOI].
Park, Y. S., Chang, J. B., Lek, S., Cao, W. X. and Brosse, S. (2003), “Conservation strategies for endemic fish species threatened by the Three Gorges Dam”, Conservation Biology, 17(6): 1748–1758, [External LinkDOI].
Paul, M. J. and Meyer, J. L. (2001), “Streams in the urban landscape”, Annual Review of Ecology and Systematics, 32: 333–365, [External LinkDOI].
Paulsen, C. M. and Fisher, T. R. (2001), “Statistical relationship between parr-to-smolt survival of Snake River spring–summer Chinook salmon and indices of land use”, Transactions of the American Fisheries Society, 130(3): 347–358, [External LinkDOI].
Paulsen, S. G., Mayio, A., Peck, D. V., Stoddard, J. L., Tarquinio, E., Holdsworth, S. M., Van Sickle, J., Yuan, L. L., Hawkins, C. P., Herlihy, A. T., Kaufmann, P. R., Barbour, M. T., Larsen, D. P. and Olsen, A. R. (2008), “Condition of stream ecosystems in the US: an overview of the first national assessment”, Journal of the North American Benthological Society, 27: 812–821, [External LinkDOI].
Pess, G. R., Montgomery, D. R., Steel, E. A., Bilby, R. E., Feist, B. E. and Greenberg, H. M. (2002), “Landscape characteristics, land use, and coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch) abundance Snohomish River, Wash., USA”, Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, 59: 613–623, [External LinkDOI].
Peters, J., de Baets, B., Verhoest, N. E. K., Samson, R., Degroeve, S., de Becker, P. and Huybrechts, W. (2007), “Random forests as a tool for ecohydrological distribution modeling”, Ecological Modelling, 207: 304–318, [External LinkDOI].
Peterson, G. D., Cumming, G. S. and Carpenter, S. R. (2003), “Scenario planning: A tool for conservation in an uncertain world”, Conservation Biology, 17(2): 358–366, [External LinkDOI].
Pickett, S. T. A. and White, P. S., eds. (1985), The Ecology of Natural Disturbance and Patch Dynamics, London (Academic Press).
Pinto, B. C. T., Araujo, F. G. and Hughes, R. M. (2006), “Effects of landscape and riparian condition on a fish index of biotic integrity in a large southeastern Brazil river”, Hydrobiologia, 556: 69–83, [External LinkDOI].
Pinto, B. C. T., Araujo, F. G., Rodrigues, V. D. and Hughes, R. M. (2009), “Local and ecoregion effects on fish assemblage structure in tributaries of the Rio Paraíba do Sul, Brazil”, Freshwater Biology, 54(12): 2600–2615, [External LinkDOI].
Poff, N. L. (1997), “Landscape filters and species traits: Towards mechanistic understanding and prediction in stream ecology”, Journal of the North American Benthological Society, 16(2): 391–409, [External LinkDOI].
Poissant, J., Knight, T. W. and Ferguson, M. M. (2005), “Nonequilibrium conditions following landscape rearrangement: the relative contribution of past and current hydrological landscapes on the genetic structure of a stream-dwelling fish”, Molecular Ecology, 14: 1321–1331, [External LinkDOI].
Pont, D., Hugueny, B., Beier, U., Goffaux, D., Melcher, A., Noble, R., Rogers, C., Roset, N. and Schmutz, S. (2006), “Assessing river biotic condition at a continental scale: a European approach using functional metrics and fish assemblages”, Journal of Applied Ecology, 43: 70–80, [External LinkDOI].
Pont, D., Hughes, R. M., Whittier, T. R. and Schmutz, S. (2009), “A predictive index of biotic integrity model for aquatic-vertebrate assemblages of western U.S. streams”, Transactions of the American Fisheries Society, 138: 292–305, [External LinkDOI].
Poole, G. C. (2002), “Fluvial landscape ecology: addressing uniqueness within the river discontinuum”, Freshwater Biology, 47(4): 641–660, [External LinkDOI].
Poole, G. C. (2010), “Stream hydrogeomorphology as a physical science basis for advances in stream ecology”, Journal of the North American Benthological Society, 29: 12–25, [External LinkDOI].
Poudevigne, I., Alard, D., Leuven, R. S. E. W. and Nienhuis, P. H. (2002), “A systems approach to river restoration: a case study in the lower Seine valley, France”, River Research and Applications, 18: 239–247, [External LinkDOI].
Pringle, C. M. (1997), “Exploring how disturbance is transmitted upstream: Going against the flow”, Journal of the North American Benthological Society, 16(2): 425–438, [External LinkDOI].
Pyne, M. I., Rader, R. B. and Christensen, W. F. (2007), “Predicting local biological characteristics in streams: A comparison of landscape classifications”, Freshwater Biology, 52: 1302–1321, [External LinkDOI].
Randhir, T. O. and Ekness, P. (2009), “Urbanization effects on watershed habitat potential: A multivariate assessment of thresholds and interactions”, Ecohydrology, 2(1): 88–101, [External LinkDOI].
Randhir, T. O. and Hawes, A. G. (2009), “Watershed land use and aquatic ecosystem response: Ecohydrologic approach to conservation policy”, Journal of Hydrology, 364: 182–199, [External LinkDOI].
Randhir, T. O. and Tsvetkova, O. (2009), “Watershed-Scale tradeoffs in water quantity and quality attributes for conservation policy”, Water, Air, & Soil Pollution, 201: 347–363, [External LinkDOI].
Reynolds, K. and Peets, S. (2001), “Integrated assessment and priorities for protection and restoration of watersheds”, in Forest Biometry, Modelling and Information Science, Proceedings of a IUFRO 4.11 conference held at the University of Greenwich, June 2001, London (University of Greenwich). URL (accessed 21 October 2009):
External Linkhttp://cms1.gre.ac.uk/conferences/iufro/proceedings/ReynoldsNew.pdf.
Reynolds, K. M. and Hessburg, P. F. (2005), “Decision support for integrated landscape evaluation and restoration planning”, Forest Ecology and Management, 207(1-2): 263–278, [External LinkDOI].
Richards, C., Johnson, L. B. and Host, G. E. (1996), “Landscape-scale influences on stream habitats and biota”, Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, 53(S1): 295–311, [External LinkDOI].
Richards, C., Haro, R. J., Johnson, L. B. and Host, G. E. (1997), “Catchment and reach-scale properties as indicators of microinvertebrate species traits”, Freshwater Biology, 37: 219–230, [External LinkDOI].
Rieman, B., Peterson, J. T., Clayton, J., Howell, P., Thurow, R., Thompson, W. and Lee, D. (2001), “Evaluation of potential effects of federal land management alternatives on trends of salmonids and their habitats in the interior Columbia River basin”, Forest Ecology and Management, 153: 43–62, [External LinkDOI].
Rieman, B. E., Isaak, D. J., Adams, S., Horan, D., Nagel, D., Luce, C. and Myers, D. (2007), “Anticipated climate warming effects on bull trout habitats and populations across the interior Columbia River basin”, Transactions of the American Fisheries Society, 136(6): 1552–65, [External LinkDOI].
Rinne, J. N., Hughes, R. M. and Calamusso, B., eds. (2005), Historical Changes in Large River Fish Assemblages of the Americas, Proceedings of the Symposium held in Phoenix, Arizona, USA, 21 August 2001, AFS Symposium, 45, Bethesda, MD (American Fisheries Society).
Roni, P., Beechie, T. J., Bilby, R. E., Leonetti, F. E., Pollock, M. M. and Pess, G. R. (2002), “A review of stream restoration techniques and a hierarchical strategy for prioritizing restoration in Pacific Northwest watersheds”, North American Journal of Fisheries Management, 22: 1–20, [External LinkDOI].
Roni, P., Hanson, K. and Beechie, T. J. (2008), “Global review of the physical and biological effectiveness of stream habitat rehabilitation techniques”, North American Journal of Fisheries Management, 28: 856–890, [External LinkDOI].
Roper, B. B., Buffington, J. M., Bennett, S., Lanigan, S. H., Archer, E., Downie, S. T., Faustini, J., Hillman, T. W., Hubler, S., Jones, K., Jordan, C., Kaufmann, P. R., Merritt, G., Moyer, C. and Pleus, A. (2010), “A comparison of the performance and compatability of protocols used by seven monitoring groups to measure stream habitat in the Pacific Northwest”, North American Journal of Fisheries Management, 30: 565–587.
Rose, C. A. (2005), “Economic growth as a threat to fish conservation in Canada”, Fisheries, 30(8): 36–38.
Roth, N. E., Allan, J. D. and Erickson, D. L. (1996), “Landscape influences on stream biotic integrity assessed at multiple spatial scales”, Landscape Ecology, 11(3): 141–156, [External LinkDOI].
Sanderson, B. L., Barnas, K. A. and Rub, M. W. (2009), “Nonindigenous species of the Pacific Northwest: An overlooked risk to endangered salmon?”, BioScience, 59: 245–256, [External LinkDOI].
Santoul, F., Figuerola, J., Mastrorillo, S. and Céréghino, R. (2005), “Patterns of rare fish and aquatic insects in a southwestern French river catchment in relation to simple physical variables”, Ecography, 28(3): 307–314, [External LinkDOI].
Sawaya, K. E., Olmanson, L. G., Heinert, N. J., Brezonik, P. L. and Bauer, M. E. (2003), “Extending satellite remote sensing to local scales: land and water resource monitoring using high-resolution imagery”, Remote Sensing of Environment, 88(1-2): 144–156, [External LinkDOI].
Schick, R. S. and Lindley, S. T. (2007), “Directed connectivity among fish populations in a riverine network”, Journal of Applied Ecology, 44(6): 1116–26, [External LinkDOI].
Schleiger, S. L. (2000), “Use of an index of biotic integrity to detect effects of land uses on stream fish communities in west-central Georgia”, Transactions of the American Fisheries Society, 129(5): 1118–1133, [External LinkDOI].
Schlosser, I. J. (1991), “Stream fish ecology: A landscape perspective”, BioScience, 41(10): 704–712, [External LinkDOI].
Schmutz, S. and Jungwirth, M. (2001), “Fish as indicators for connectivity in running water ecosystems”, in Williams, W. D., ed., Proceedings of the 27th Congress of the International Association of Theoretical and Applied Limnology, Dublin, 1998, Verhandlungen IVL, 27, pp. 3971–3974, Stuttgart (Schweizerbart).
Schmutz, S., Melcher, A., Muhar, S., Zitek, A., Poppe, M., Trautwein, C. and Jungwirth, M. (2007), “MIRR – Model-based Instrument for River Restoration. Entwicklung eines strategischen Instruments zur integrativen Bewertung ökologischer Restaurationsmaßnahmen an Fließgewässern”, Österreichische Wasser- und Abfallwirtschaft, 60(5-6): 95–103, [External LinkDOI].
Schneider, D. C. (2001), “The rise of the concept of scale in ecology”, BioScience, 51(7): 545–553, [External LinkDOI].
Scott, M. C. (2006), “Winners and losers among stream fishes in relation to land use legacies and urban development in the southeastern US”, Biological Conservation, 127(3): 301–309, [External LinkDOI].
Shapiro, M. H., Holdsworth, S. M. and Paulsen, S. G. (2008), “The need to assess the condition of aquatic resources in the US”, Journal of the North American Benthological Society, 27(4): 808–811, [External LinkDOI].
Sheer, M. B. and Steel, E. A. (2006), “Lost watersheds: Barriers, aquatic habitat connectivity, and species persistence in the Willamette and Lower Columbia basins”, Transactions of the American Fisheries Society, 135: 1654–1669, [External LinkDOI].
Shriver, D. M. and Randhir, T. O. (2006), “Integrating stakeholder values with multiple attributes to quantify watershed performance”, Water Resources Research, 42(8): W08435, [External LinkDOI].
Silva, T. S. F., Costa, M. P. F., Melack, J. M. and Novo, E. (2008), “Remote sensing of aquatic vegetation: Theory and applications”, Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, 140(1): 131–145, [External LinkDOI].
Smikrud, K. M. and Prakash, A. (2006), “Monitoring large woody debris dynamics in the Unuk River, Alaska using digital aerial photography”, GIScience & Remote Sensing, 43(2): 142–154.
Smikrud, K. M., Prakash, A. and Nichols, J. V. (2008), “Decision-based fusion for improved fluvial landscape classification using digital aerial photographs and forward looking infrared images”, Photogrammetric Engineering & Remote Sensing, 74: 903–911.
Snyder, C. D., Young, J. A., Villella, R. and Lemarie, D. P. (2003), “Influences of upland and riparian land use patterns on stream biotic integrity”, Landscape Ecology, 18(7): 647–664, [External LinkDOI].
Soulsby, C., Youngson, A. F., Moir, H. J. and Malcolm, I. A. (2001), “Fine sediment influence on salmonid spawning habitat in a lowland agricultural stream: A preliminary assessment”, Science of the Total Environment, 265: 295–307, [External LinkDOI].
Sowa, S. P., Annis, G., Morey, M. E. and Diamond, D. D. (2007), “A gap analysis and comprehensive conservation strategy for riverine ecosystems of Missouri”, Ecological Monographs, 77(3): 301–334, [External LinkDOI].
Springe, G., Sandin, L., Briede, A. and Skuja, A. (2006), “Biological quality metrics: Their variability and appropriate scale for assessing streams”, Hydrobiologia, 566: 153–172, [External LinkDOI].
Stanford, J. A. and Ward, J. V. (2001), “Revisiting the serial discontinuity concept”, Regulated Rivers: Research & Management, 17: 303–310, [External LinkDOI].
Steel, E. A., Feist, B. E., Jensen, D. W., Pess, G. R., Sheer, M. B., Brauner, J. B. and Bilby, R. E. (2004), “Landscape models to understand steelhead (Oncorhynchus mykiss) distribution and help prioritize barrier removals in the Willamette basin, Oregon, USA”, Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, 61(6): 999–1011, [External LinkDOI].
Steel, E. A., Fullerton, A. H., Caras, Y., Sheer, M. B., Olson, P., Jensen, D. W., Burke, J., Maher, M. and McElhany, P. (2008), “A spatially explicit decision support system for watershed-scale management of salmon”, Ecology and Society, 13(2): 50. URL (accessed 8 March 2010):
External Linkhttp://www.ecologyandsociety.org/vol13/iss2/art50/.
Stewart, A. J. (2001), “A simple stream monitoring technique based on measurements of semiconservative properties of water”, Environmental Management, 27: 37–46, [External LinkDOI].
Steyaert, P. and Ollivier, G. (2007), “The European Water Framework Directive: How ecological assumptions frame technical and social change”, Ecology and Society, 12(1): 25. URL (accessed 5 March 2010):
External Linkhttp://www.ecologyandsociety.org/vol12/iss1/art25/.
Stoddard, J. L., Peck, D. V., Paulsen, S. G., Van Sickle, J., Hawkins, C. P., Herlihy, A. T., Hughes, R. M., Kaufmann, P. R., Larsen, D. P., Lomnicky, G., Olsen, A. R., Peterson, S. A., Ringold, P. L. and Whittier, T. R. (2005), “An Ecological Assessment of Western Streams and Rivers”, EPA 620/R-05/005, Washington, DC (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency). Online version (accessed 21 October 2009):
External Linkhttp://www.epa.gov/emap/west/html/docs/wstriv.html.
Stoddard, J. L., Herlihy, A. T., Peck, D. V., Hughes, R. M., Whittier, T. R. and E., T. (2008), “A process for creating multi-metric indices for large-scale aquatic surveys”, Journal of the North American Benthological Society, 27(4): 878–891, [External LinkDOI].
Strayer, D. L., Beighley, R. E., Thompson, L. C., Brooks, S., Nilsson, C., Pinay, G. and Naiman, R. J. (2003), “Effects of land cover on stream ecosystems: Roles of empirical models and scaling issues”, Ecosystems, 6(5): 407–423, [External LinkDOI].
Swanson, F. J., Kratz, T. K., Caine, N. and Woodmansee, R. G. (1988), “Landform effects on ecosystem patterns and processes”, BioScience, 38(2): 92–98, [External LinkDOI].
Talley, T. S. (2007), “Which spatial heterogeneity framework? Consequences for conclusions about patchy population distributions”, Ecology, 88(6): 1476–89, [External LinkDOI].
Taylor, P. D., Farhig, L., Henhein, K. and Merriem, G. (1993), “Connectivity is a vital element of landscape structure”, Oikos, 68(3): 571–573, [External LinkDOI].
Tejerina-Garro, F. L., de Merona, B., Oberdorff, T. and Hugueny, B. (2006), “A fish-based index of large river quality for French Guiana (South America): method and preliminary results”, Aquatic Living Resources, 19: 31–46, [External LinkDOI].
Tetzlaff, D., Malcolm, I. A. and Soulsby, C. (2007), “Influence of forestry, environmental change and climatic variability on the hydrology, hydrochemistry and residence times of upland catchments”, Journal of Hydrology, 346: 93–111, [External LinkDOI].
Thieme, M., Lehner, B., Abell, R., Hamlton, S. K., Kellndorfer, J., Powell, G. and Riveros, J. C. (2007), “Freshwater conservation planning in data-poor areas: An example from remote Amazonian basin (Madre de Dios River, Peru and Bolivia)”, Biological Conservation, 135: 484–501, [External LinkDOI].
Thompson, D. M. (2006), “Did the pre-1980 use of in-stream structures improve streams? A reanalysis of historical data”, Ecological Applications, 16: 784–796, [External LinkDOI].
Thorp, J. H., Thoms, M. C. and Delong, M. D. (2006), “The riverine ecosystem synthesis: biocomplexity in river networks across space and time”, River Research and Applications, 22: 123–147, [External LinkDOI].
Tockner, K. and Stanford, J. A. (2002), “Riverine flood plains: present state and future trends”, Environmental Conservation, 29(3): 308–330, [External LinkDOI].
Tockner, K., Robinson, C. T. and Uehliner, U., eds. (2009), Rivers of Europe, London (Academic Press). [External LinkGoogle Books].
Toham, A. K. and Teugels, G. G. (1999), “First data on an index of biotic integrity (IBI) based on fish assemblages for the assessment of the impact of deforestation in a tropical west African river system”, Hydrobiologia, 397: 29–38.
Tonn, W. M. (1990), “Climate change and fish communitites: a conceptual framework”, Transactions of the American Fisheries Society, 119: 337–352, [External LinkDOI].
Torgersen, C. E., Price, D. M., Li, H. W. and McIntosh, B. A. (1999), “Multiscale thermal refugia and stream habitat associations of Chinook salmon in northeastern Oregon”, Ecological Applications, 9(1): 301–319, [External LinkDOI].
Torgersen, C. E., Faux, R. N., McIntosh, B. A., Poage, N. J. and Norton, D. J. (2001), “Airborne thermal remote sensing for water temperature assessment in rivers and streams”, Remote Sensing of Environment, 76(3): 386–398, [External LinkDOI].
Torgersen, C. E., Baxter, C. V., Li, H. W. and McIntosh, B. A. (2006), “Landscape influences on longitudinal patterns of river fishes: Spatially continuous analysis of fish-habitat relationships”, in Hughes, R. M., Wang, L. and Seelbach, P. W., eds., Landscape Influences on Stream Habitats and Biological Assemblages, Proceedings of the Symposium held in Madison, Wisconsin, USA, 25 – 26 August 2004, AFS Symposium, 48, pp. 473–492, Bethesda, MD (American Fisheries Society).
Townsend, C. R. (1996), “Concepts in river ecology: Pattern and process in the catchment hierarchy”, Archiv für Hydrobiologie Supplement, 113: 3–21.
Townsend, C. R., Arbuckle, C. J., Crowl, T. A. and Scarsbrook, M. R. (1997), “The relationship between land use and physicochemistry, food resources and macroinvertebrate communities in tributaries of the Taieri River, New Zealand: a hierarchically scaled approach”, Freshwater Biology, 37: 177–191, [External LinkDOI].
Turner, M. G. (2005), “Landscape ecology in North America: Past, present, and future”, Ecology, 86(8): 1967–74, [External LinkDOI].
Turner, M. G., O’Neill, R. V., Gardner, R. H. and Milne, B. T. (1989), “Effects of changing spatial scale on the analysis of landscape pattern”, Landscape Ecology, 3: 153–162, [External LinkDOI].
Turner, M. G., Arthaud, G. J., Engstrom, R. T., Hejl, S. J., Liu, J., Loeb, S. and McKelvey, K. (1995), “Usefulness of spatially explicit population models in land management”, Ecological Applications, 5(1): 12–16, [External LinkDOI].
USEPA (2009), “National Lakes Assessment: A Collaborative Survey of the Nation’s Lakes”, EPA841/R-09/001, Washington, DC (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency). URL (accessed 5 March 2010):
External Linkhttp://www.epa.gov/lakessurvey/.
Uuemaa, E., Antrop, M., Roosaare, J., Marja, R. and Mander, Ü. (2009), “Landscape Metrics and Indices: An Overview of Their Use in Landscape Research”, Living Reviews in Landscape Research, 3(1), [External LinkDOI]. URL (accessed 9 April 2010):
http://lrlr.landscapeonline.de/lrlr-2009-1.
Van Sickle, J. and Johnson, C. B. (2008), “Parametric distance weighting of landscape influence on streams”, Landscape Ecology, 23: 427–438, [External LinkDOI].
Van Sickle, J. and Paulsen, S. G. (2008), “Assessing the attributable risks, relative risks, and regional extents of aquatic stressors”, Journal of the North American Benthological Society, 27: 920–931, [External LinkDOI].
Van Sickle, J., Baker, J., Herlihy, A., Bayley, P., Gregory, S., Haggerty, P., Ashkenas, L. and Li, J. (2004), “Projecting the biological condition of streams under alternative scenarios of human land use”, Ecological Applications, 14(2): 368–380, [External LinkDOI].
Vannote, R. L., Minshall, G. W., Cummins, K. W., Sedell, J. R. and Cushing, C. E. (1980), “The river continuum concept”, Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, 37(1): 130–137, [External LinkDOI].
Vitousek, P. M., Ehrlich, P. R., Ehrlich, A. H. and Matson, P. A. (1986), “Human appropriation of the products of photosynthesis”, BioScience, 36: 368–373, [External LinkDOI].
Vitousek, P. M., Mooney, H. A., Lubchenco, J. and Melillo, J. M. (1997), “Human domination of Earth’s ecosystems”, Science, 277(5325): 494–499, [External LinkDOI].
Walsh, C. J., Roy, A. H., Feminella, J. W., Cottingham, P. D., Groffman, P. M. and Morgan II, R. P. (2005), “The urban stream syndrome: current knowledge and the search for a cure”, Journal of the North American Benthological Society, 24(3): 706–723, [External LinkDOI].
Walter, R. C. and Merritts, D. J. (2008), “Natural streams and the legacy of water-powered mills”, Science, 319: 299–304, [External LinkDOI].
Walters, D. M., Leigh, D. S., Freeman, M. C., Freeman, B. J. and Pringle, C. M. (2003), “Geomorphology and fish assemblages in a Piedmont river basin, U.S.A.”, Freshwater Biology, 48(11): 1950–1970, [External LinkDOI].
Wang, L., Lyons, J., Kanehl, P. and Bannerman, R. (2001), “Impacts of urbanization on stream habitat and fish across multiple spatial scales”, Environmental Management, 28: 255–266, [External LinkDOI].
Wang, L., Seelbach, P. W. and Hughes, R. M. (2006a), “Introduction to landscape influences on stream habitats and biological assemblages”, in Hughes, R. M., Wang, L. and Seelbach, P. W., eds., Landscape Influences on Stream Habitats and Biological Assemblages, Proceedings of the Symposium held in Madison, Wisconsin, USA, 25 – 26 August 2004, AFS Symposium, 48, pp. 1–23, Bethesda, MD (American Fisheries Society).
Wang, L., Seelbach, P. W. and Lyons, J. (2006b), “Effects of levels of human disturbance on the influence of catchment, riparian, and reach-scale factors on fish assemblages”, in Hughes, R. M., Wang, L. and Seelbach, P. W., eds., Landscape Influences on Stream Habitats and Biological Assemblages, Proceedings of the Symposium held in Madison, Wisconsin, USA, 25 – 26 August 2004, AFS Symposium, 48, pp. 199–219, Bethesda, MD (American Fisheries Society).
Wang, L. Z., Lyons, J. and Kanehl, P. (2006c), “Habitat and fish responses to multiple agricultural best management practices in a warm water stream”, Journal of the American Water Resources Association, 42(4): 1047–1062, [External LinkDOI].
Waples, R. S., Pess, G. R. and Beechie, T. J. (2008), “Evolutionary history of Pacific salmon in dynamic environments”, Evolutionary Applications, 1(2): 189–206, [External LinkDOI].
Ward, J. V. (1989), “The four-dimensional nature of lotic ecosystems”, Journal of the North American Benthological Society, 8: 2–8, [External LinkDOI].
Ward, J. V. (1998), “Riverine landscapes: Biodiversity patterns, disturbance regimes and aquatic conservation”, Biological Conservation, 83(3): 269–278, [External LinkDOI].
Ward, J. V. and Stanford, J. A. (1995), “Ecological connectivity in alluvial river ecosystems and its disruption by flow regulation”, Regulated Rivers: Research & Management, 11: 105–119, [External LinkDOI].
Ward, J. V., Malard, F. and Tockner, K. (2002), “Landscape ecology: A framework for integrating pattern and process in river corridors”, Landscape Ecology, 17: 35–45, [External LinkDOI].
Water Framework Directive (2000), “Directive 2000/60/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council establishing a framework for the Community action in the field of water policy”, Brussels (Environment Directorate-General of the European Commission). Online version (accessed 18 November 2009):
External Linkhttp://eur-lex.europa.eu/LexUriServ/LexUriServ.do?uri=CELEX:32000L0060:EN:NOT.
Weber, C., Peter, A. and Zanini, F. (2007), “Spatio-temporal analysis of fish and their habitat: a case study on a highly degraded Swiss river system prior to extensive rehabilitation”, Aquatic Sciences, 69(1): 162–172, [External LinkDOI].
Wehrly, K. E., Wiley, M. J. and Seelbach, P. W. (2006), “Influence of landscape features on summer water temperatures in lower Michigan streams”, in Hughes, R. M., Wang, L. and Seelbach, P. W., eds., Landscape Influences on Stream Habitats and Biological Assemblages, Proceedings of the Symposium held in Madison, Wisconsin, USA, 25 – 26 August 2004, AFS Symposium, 48, pp. 113–127, Bethesda, MD (American Fisheries Society).
Whittier, T. R., Stoddard, J. L., Hughes, R. M. and Lomnicky, G. A. (2006), “Associations among catchment- and site-scale disturbance indicators and biological assemblages at least- and most-disturbed stream and river sites in the western United States”, in Hughes, R. M., Wang, L. and Seelbach, P. W., eds., Landscape Influences on Stream Habitats and Biological Assemblages, Proceedings of the Symposium held in Madison, Wisconsin, USA, 25 – 26 August 2004, AFS Symposium, 48, pp. 641–664, Bethesda, MD (American Fisheries Society).
Wichert, G. A. and Rapport, D. J. (1998), “Fish community structure as a measure of degradation and rehabilitation of riparian systems in an agricultural drainage basin”, Environmental Management, 22(3): 425–443, [External LinkDOI].
Wiens, J. A. (1989), “Spatial scaling in ecology”, Functional Ecology, 3(4): 385–397, [External LinkDOI].
Wiens, J. A. (2002), “Riverine landscapes: Taking landscape ecology into the water”, Freshwater Biology, 47(4): 501–515, [External LinkDOI].
Wiley, M. J., Kohler, S. L. and Seelbach, P. W. (1997), “Reconciling landscape and local views of aquatic communities: Lessons from Michigan trout streams”, Freshwater Biology, 37: 133–148, [External LinkDOI].
Wright, A., Marcus, W. A. and Aspinall, R. (2000), “Evaluation of multispectral, fine scale digital imagery as a tool for mapping stream morphology”, Geomorphology, 33(1–2): 107–120, [External LinkDOI].
Wu, J. (2004), “Effects of changing scale on landscape pattern analysis: scaling relations”, Landscape Ecology, 19: 125–138, [External LinkDOI].
Wu, J. and Hobbs, R. (2002), “Key issues and research priorities in landscape ecology: An idiosyncratic synthesis”, Landscape Ecology, 17(4): 355–365, [External LinkDOI].
Wu, J., Shen, W., Sun, W. and Tueller, P. T. (2002), “Empirical patterns of the effects of changing scale on landscape metrics”, Landscape Ecology, 17: 761–782, [External LinkDOI].
Wu, J., Huang, J., Han, X., Xie, Z. and Gao, X. (2003), “Three-Gorges Dam – Experiment in habitat fragmentation?”, Science, 300: 1239–1240, [External LinkDOI].
Wulder, M. A., Hall, R. J., Coops, N. C. and Franklin, S. E. (2004), “High spatial resolution remotely sensed data for ecosystem characterization”, BioScience, 54(6): 511–521, [External LinkDOI].
Xie, P. (2003), “Three-Gorges Dam: Risk to ancient fish”, Science, 302: 1149, [External LinkDOI].
Yates, A. G. and Bailey, R. C. (2006), “The stream and its altered valley: Integrating landscape ecology into environmental assessments of agro-ecosystems”, Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, 114(1-3): 257–271, [External LinkDOI].
Yoder, C. O., Rankin, E. T., Smith, M. A., Alsdorf, B. C., Altfater, D. J., Boucher, C. E., Miltner, R. J., Mishne, D. E., Sanders, R. E. and Thoma, R. F. (2005), “Changes in fish assemblage status in Ohio’s nonwadeable rivers and streams over two decades”, in Rinne, J. N., Hughes, R. M. and Calamusso, B., eds., Historical Changes in Large Fiver Fish Assemblages of the Americas, Proceedings of the Symposium held in Phoenix, Arizona, USA, 21 August 2001, AFS Symposium, 45, pp. 399–342, Bethesda, MD (American Fisheries Society).
Zalewski, M. G., Janauer, G. A. and Jolánkaj, G. (1997), “Ecohydrology: A New Paradigm for the Sustainable Use of Aquatic Resources. Conceptual Background, Working Hypothesis, Rationale and Scientific Guidelines for the Implementation of the IHP-V Projects 2.3/2.4”, Technical Documents in Hydrology,  7, Paris (UNESCO). Online version (accessed 5 March 2010):
External Linkhttp://unesdoc.unesco.org/images/0010/001062/106296e.pdf.
Zorn, T. G. and Wiley, M. J. (2006), “Influence of landscape characteristics on local habitat and fish biomass in streams of Michigan’s Lower Peninsula”, in Hughes, R. M., Wang, L. and Seelbach, P. W., eds., Landscape Influences on Stream Habitats and Biological Assemblages, Proceedings of the Symposium held in Madison, Wisconsin, USA, 25 – 26 August 2004, AFS Symposium, 48, pp. 375–393, Bethesda, MD (American Fisheries Society).
Zweimüller, I., Zessner, M. and Hein, T. (2008), “Effects of climate change on nitrate loads in a large river: the Austrian Danube as example”, Hydrological Processes, 22(7): 1022–1036, [External LinkDOI].