Landscape research on semi-urban areas, conditions and dynamics: A literature summary

A Landscape research on semi-urban areas, conditions and dynamics: A literature summary

Table 1: Publications using a ‘dynamics’ (sprawl) approach.

Authors	Year	Keywords	Study Area
Allen	2006	Editorial / Sprawl definition	No specific study area
Atkinson et al.	1996	Urban sprawl in economic context	California, U.S.A.
Calthorpe	2001	Regional cities / Edge cities / Urban fringe-sprawl	No specific study area
Carrion-Flores et al.	2004	Sprawl / Suburbia / pattern analysis / Fragstats	Ohio, U.S.A.
Croissant	2004	Urban fringe / parcel boundaries / LULC	Indiana, U.S.A.
David et al.	2005	Sprawl / metrics / impervious surfaces	Pacific Coast Region, U.S.A.
Dwyer et al.	2004	Sprawl / blurring of distinctions between urban and rural	No specific study area
EEA	2006	Sprawl / indicators / study for Europe	Europe
Ewing et al.	2000	Transportation impacts / sprawl / PCA	Metropolitan areas, U.S.A.
Frenkel	2004	Sprawl models / Planning principles	Israel
Fulton et al.	2001	Sprawl / auto-oriented / population density	U.S.A.
Gillies et al.	2003	Impervious surfaces / Aquatic fauna (mussels) / growth	Atlanta, U.S.A.
Gonzales-Abraham et al.	2007	Rural sprawl / Building Pattern / Fragmentation	Wisconsin, U.S.A.
Haase et al.	2007	Hydrology / urban sprawl / Impact on water balance	Leipzig, Germany
Hasse et al.	2003	Sprawl / indicator framework / land resource impact	New Jersey, U.S.A.
JRC	2002	Urban atlas / database construction / sprawl	Europe
Kasanko et al.	2006	Sprawl / Indicators / Dispersion of cities	15 European cities
Kline	2000	Growth management / fringe definitions / sprawl indicators	U.S.A.
Malpezzi et al.	2001	Measuring sprawl / suburbanization / tools	No specific study area
Skaburskis	2006	New Urbanism / sprawl / suburban	Toronto, Canada
Sudhira et al.	2004	Quantifying sprawl / Remote Sensing / spatial and temporal	Mangalore, India
Tacoli	1998	Sprawl / Rural-urban interactions / definitions	No specific study area
Torrens et al.	2000	Measuring sprawl / suburbanization / tools	No specific study area
Walker et al.	2008	Urban Sprawl / Rural landscape / Psychology	Maine, U.S.A.
Wolman et al.	2005	Measuring sprawl / condition or process / extended urban areas	Atlanta, Baltimore, Boston, LA, Washington, U.S.A.

Table 2: Publications using a ‘landscape’ approach (semi-urban areas).

Authors	Year	Keywords	Study Area
Allen	2003	Peri urban interface / semi urban areas definition	No specific study area
Antrop	2004	Urbanization / suburban landscapes	Europe
Antrop et al.	2000	Suburban landscapes / sampling / city expansion models	Ghent, Belgium
Barnard et al.	2001	Lot size / urban expansion / suburbs	U.S.A.
Daniels et al.	1998	Suburban fabric / extend countryside / impact	Metropolitan areas, U.S.A.
Furuseth et al.	1999	Contested countryside / clash of functions / edge cities	Metropolitan areas, U.S.A.
Hiltunen	1998	Suburbanisation	Finland
Holden et al.	1997	Edge cities / green belts around cities	Belgium and The Netherlands
Kahn	2000	Suburbia / Household level / Energy & driving consumption	U.S.A.
Tacoli	2003	Rural vs urban camps / linking rural-urban	No specific study area
Theobald	2001	Lack of definitions / exurban development / mixed land use	U.S.A.
Xie et al.	2005	Desakota / rural landscapes / urban landscapes	China

Table 3: Publications mainly focussing on, or using, other concepts, theories and development models related to semi-urban areas.

Authors	Year	Keywords	Study Area
Adell	1999	Review / theories and models / Desakota	No specific study area
Alfsen et al.	2004	Megacities / Sustainability management / Biosphere	New York Metropolitan area, U.S.A.
Antrop	2000	Patterns / landscape ecology / chronological framework	Flanders, Belgium
Bialasiewicz	2006	Città Diffusa / social frameworks	Venice, Italy
Bourne	1996	Suburbs / Exurbia / New Urbanism	No specific study area
Bugliarello	2004	Knowledge cities, transformation into	New York City, U.S.A.
Casaux	2007	Multifunctional agricultrue / agriculture in urban areas	Flanders, Belgium
Collins et al.	2000	New urban ecology / integration / multidisciplinary	No specific study area
Daniels et al.	2005	Smart growth / exurbia	U.S.A.
De Rynck et al.	2002	Economische / Sociale / Ecologische principes	Flanders, Belgium
Forman	1995	Land mosaics / Landscape ecology	No specific study area
Gulinck	2004	Neo-rurality concept	No specific study area
Henderson	2005	Transition farm to urban land use / Poultry Farmers	Australia
Henderson	2003	Transition farm to urban land use / Poultry Farmers	Perth and Sydney, Australia
Katz	1993	New Urbanism / small towns	No specific study area
Lee et al.	2003	New Urbanism vs. Garden City	Kentlands NJ, Radburn MD, U.S.A.
Lynch	1954	The form of cities	No specific study area
Musacchio et al.	2004	Interdisciplinary approaches	Baltimore, Phoenix, Willamette Valley, Detroit, U.S.A.
Newman	1999	Urban ecology / Metabolism concept	No specific study area
Pickett et al.	2004	Resilient cities / spatial heterogeneity	Baltimore, U.S.A.
Potter et al.	1995	Social / Economic viewpoints	No specific study area
Schrijnen	2000	Infrastructure networks / Red-Green / Grid Cities	No specific study area
Talen	2005	New urbanism vs. American Planning	U.S.A.
Sullivan et al.	2004	Conflicts / agricultural buffers / surveys	Illinois, U.S.A.
Van Kamp et al.	2003	Frameworks / review / multidisciplinary	No specific study area
Walmsley	2006	New Urbanism / Greenways / multifunctional planning	New Jersey, U.S.A.
Wu et al.	2002	Key issues in Landscape ecology	No specific study area
Yang et al.	2007	Fuzzy boundaries / Urban development	London, U.K. and Beijing, China
Yang et al.	2004	Concept of Industrial Ecology / Nurtured Landscapes	Singapore
Yokohari et al.	2000	Greenbelts / traditional mixed land use / spatial order	Japan

Table 4: Publications with their focus on urban (and/or semi-urban) green structures).

Authors	Year	Keywords	Study Area
Bjerke et al.	2006	Urban parks / vegetation density / residents preference	Trondheim, Norway
Chiesura	2004	Urban ecology / Parks / Public green	Amsterdam, The Netherlands
Colding	2007	Ecological land use complementation / gardens / urban green	No specific study area
Cook	2002	Ecological networks / hydrology	Phoenix, AZ, U.S.A.
Cornelis et al.	2004	(Sub)urban parks / biodiversity	Flanders, Belgium
Gaston et al.	2005	Gardens / Urban biodiversity	Sheffield, U.K.
Hermy et al.	2000	Parks / Monitoring biodiversity / sub(urban) Parks	Flanders, Belgium
Lee et al.	2008	Residents perception / neighborhood satisfaction / urban green	College Station, TX, U.S.A.
Lee et al.	1997	Greenbelt planning / Distance dependence	No specific study area
Loram et al.	2007	Gardens / distance to city / structure	5 major cities in the U.K.
Niemalä	1999	Urban nature / urban ecology	No specific study area
Pauleit et al.	2005	Green structures / Modelling ecological impacts	Merseyside, U.K.
Pickett et al.	2008	Urban design / plant ecology / suburbs	No specific study area
Pickett et al.	2001	Urban ecological ecosystem / interlinking / integrating	No specific study area
Shaw et al.	1998	Ecological diversity / Parks / Urban green structures	Tucson, AZ, U.S.A.
Smith et al.	2005	Housing / Land Cover ratios / biodiversity	Sheffield, U.K.
Thompson et al.	2005	Gardens / Seed Banks / Biodiversity	Sheffield, U.K.
Ward-Thompson	2002	Parks / Fringe with green as glue / Forman	No specific study area

Table 5: Publications focussing on methods and techniques to detect and or measure properties of variables related to semi-urban areas.

Authors	Year	Keywords	Study Area
Alberti	2005	Urban pattern / Ecosystem functions	No specific study area
Alig et al.	2004	Urbanization figures / econometric	U.S.A.
Baker et al.	2002	Heat islands / ecological consequences	Phoenix, AZ, U.S.A.
Banai	2005	Decision support / Analytic Hierarchy Process	No specific study area
Böhm	1998	Urban structural unit as key tool	No specific study area
Bryant	1995	Social / Economic viewpoints / local actors	No specific study area
Deal et al.	2004	Econometric modelling / Land Use Modelling	Illinois, U.S.A.
Freeman	1999	Site surveying / indicators / ecology	Leeds, U.K.
Gober er al.	2002	Construction completion / Annual change of fringe growth	Phoenix, AZ, U.S.A.
Haack et al.	2006	Urban growth analysis, rural settlements	Kathmandu Valley, Nepal
Hagoort et al.	2002	Urbanization patterns / Growth / Cellular automata	Randstad, The Netherlands, Rhein-Ruhr, Germany, Flanders, Belgium
Heikkila et al.	2003	Mathematical modelling / Desakota / Fuzzy urban sets	China
Herold et al.	2002	Spatial analysis / hybrid urban environments / Fragstats	California, U.S.A.
Irwin	2003	Exurban areas / land use change modeling / patterns	No specific study area
Jenerette et al.	2007	Heat islands / rapidly urbanizing ecosystems	Phoenix, AZ, U.S.A.
Jensen et al.	2000	Implemenation tools / Strategies	Herning, Denmark
Jensen et al.	1999	Temporal and spatial resolution techniques	No specific study area
JRC	2002	MOLAND / fragmentation / green edge index	Europe
Longley et al.	2002	Urban density / space filling	Bristol, U.K.
Longley et al.	1991	Scale / Shape / Size of urban settlements	Norfolk, U.K.
Lopez et al.	2001	LU Modelling / Markov Models / LULC change	Morellia city, Mexico
Lu et al.	2004	Spectral Mixture Analysis / Urban landscape analysis	Indianapolis, IN, U.S.A.
Luck et al.	2002	Gradient analysis / transects / ecological and landscape metrics	Phoenix, AZ, U.S.A.
Madhavan et al.	2001	Mapping urban land use / Transitions / VIS	Bangkok, Thailand
McDonnell et al.	1997	Gradient analysis / air pollution / biodiversity	New York City, Lichtfield County, NY, U.S.A.
McDonnell et al.	1990	Gradient analysis / Urbanization characteristics	New York Metropolitan area, U.S.A.
Netzband et al.	1998	Remote sensing / sealed surfaces /	No specific study area
Pauleit et al.	2000	Sealed surfaces / Spatial data acquisition /	Munich, Germany
Perry et al.	2008	Hydrology / Urban areas / Flooding risk / Impervious surface	Leeds, U.K.
Saaroni et al.	2000	Heat islands	Tel-Aviv, Israel
Stone	2004	Impervious surfaces / Regulations	Madison, Wisconsin, U.S.A.
Syphard et al.	2007	Fire risk / Urban-Wildland interface / shrublands	California, U.S.A.
Weng	2007	Transect / Gradient analysis / Fragstats / Urban development	Madison, Wisconsin, U.S.A.
White et al.	2000	Cellular automata / Land Use Modelling	The Netherlands
Zhang et al.	2004	Gradient analysis / Metropolitan area / Fragstats	Shanghai, China

Table 6: Publications about general sustainability issues for semi-urban or related areas.

Authors	Year	Keywords	Study Area
Alfsen-Norodom	2004	UNESCO / Biosphere / Sustainability	11 Cities around the world
Balocco et al.	2004	Exergy / Urban ecology / Sustainability	Siena, Italy
Bugliarello	2002	Ecological Footprinting / Biomass matrix / Sustainability	No specific study area
Clark	2003	Bruntland report / Sustainable city planning	No specific study area
Doughty et al.	2004	Ecological footprint analysis of city and urban area	Bath, U.K.,
Hümmeler	1998	Planning instruments / Suburban area	Leipzig, Germany
Jarozs	2008	Alternative food networks / Urbanization / Organic farming	Seattle, Skagit County, U.S.A.
McKinney	2002	Biodiversity / habitat dynamics / rural-urban gradient	London, U.K., Randstad, The Netherlands
Muñiz et al.	2005	Urban form / Ecological Footprinting	Barcelona, Spain
Nuissl et al.	2008	Environmental pressures / framework	Belgium, The Netherlands, Germany, U.K.
Pauchard et al.	2006	Effects / Urbanization	Concepción, Chile
Rees	1992	Ecological footprinting / socio-economical impacts	Fraser Valley, Canada
Yli-Viikari et al.	2007	Decision support / Agriculture / Indicators	Finland

	Abstract
1	Introduction
2	Reviewing semi-urban areas: methods and summary
	2.1	Methods used when reviewing
	2.2	Research programs
	2.3	Study areas
3	Definitions and theories
	3.1	The semi-urban condition
	3.2	The “divide approach”
	3.3	The “dynamic edge”: the urban fringe
	3.4	The dynamics approach: urban sprawl
	3.5	Toward a more holistic approach: the semi- and peri-urban landscape
	3.6	Semi-urban areas in fast developing countries: Desakota
	3.7	Development models for fringe, sprawl, and semi-urban areas
4	Research issues concerning semi-urban landscapes
	4.1	Environmental impacts
	4.2	Detecting and measuring fringe, sprawl and semi-urban landscapes
	4.3	Sustainability and sprawl, semi-urban areas and urban fringes
5	Conclusions
6	Acknowledgements
A	Landscape research on semi-urban areas, conditions and dynamics: A literature summary
	References
	Footnotes
	Figures
	Tables