Cases

Case 1

Water quality

Case 2

Orchard ecosystem

Case 3

Water conservation

Case 4

Regional landscape

Case 5

Meadow birds

Case 6

Field flora

Case 7

Genetic diversity

Case 8

Soil conservation

Case 9

Cultural heritage

Physical linkage with agriculture

 - dependent on production level

Y

N

(Y)

N

(Y)

(Y)

Y

N

N

 - dependent on farming system

Y

Y

Y

Y

Y

Y

Y

Y

Y

 - dependent on agricultural structure

Y

N

Y

Y

Y

N

(Y)

Y

Y

 - spatial differences

Y

N

Y

Y

Y

Y

Y

Y

Y

De-linkage

 - complete de-linkage possible

(N)

Y

Y

(Y)

(Y)

Y

Y

Y

Y

 - cost of complete de-linkage

H

H

H

H

H

H to L

H

L to H

 - partial de-linkage possible

Y

Y

Y

Y

Y

Y

Y

Y

Y

 - cost of partial de-linkage

H

L

L to H

L to H

L

L

L to H

L

L to H

Effects on other non-commodity outputs of partial de-linkage

 - rural employment/social viability

-

-/=

-/=

-/=

-

-

=

-/=

=/+

 - food security

=

=

=

=

=

=

=/+

+

-/=

 - environment

+

+

+

+

+

+

=

+

=

 - landscape/biodiversity

=/+

+

=/+

+

+ (-)

=/+

=

=

+

Market failure

 - effect of commodity price decrease on non-commodity supply (*)

+

-

=

-

?

?

-

?

-

Characteristics of public good

 - excludability possible

N

Y

(N)

(Y)

(Y)

(Y)

Y

(Y)

Y

 - rivalry possible

N

N

N

N

N

N

(Y)

N

Y

Delivery instruments

 - direct market (pricing of non-commodity)

Diff.

N

N

N

N

Diff.

Y

N

Y

 - indirect marketing linked to non-commodity

N

Y

N

Y

Y

Y

Y

N

Y

 - indirect marketing linked to commodity

N

Y

N

Y

N

(N)

Y

N

(Y)

 - government intervention (mandatory)

Y

N

Y

Y

Y

(Y)

N

Y

Y

 - government intervention (economic incentive)

Y

Y

Y

Y

Y

Y

Y

Y

Y

 - involvement of clubs/trusts/organisations

Small

Small

High

P

P

P

High

Small

High